An intradermal test dose is recommended before Cyanocobalamin Injection, USP is administered to patients suspected of being sensitive to this drug. Hypokalemia and sudden death may occur in severe megaloblastic anemia which is treated intensely.Īnaphylactic shock and death have been reported after parenteral vitamin B12 administration. Patients with early Leber's disease (hereditary optic nerve atrophy) who were treated with cyanocobalamin suffered severe and swift optic atrophy. Requirements of vitamin B12 in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with oral supplementation.Ĭyanocobalamin Injection, USP is also suitable for the vitamin B12 absorption test ( Such measures remove the need for long-term administration of cyanocobalamin. PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacteria overgrowth, total or partial gastrectomy Hydroxycobalamin is equally as effective as cyanocobalamin, and they share the cobalamin molecular structure.Ĭyanocobalamin is indicated for vitamin B12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions: Oral absorption is considered too undependable to rely on in patients with pernicious anemia or other conditions resulting in malabsorption of vitamin B12.Ĭyanocobalamin is the most widely used form of vitamin B12, and has hematopoietic activity apparently identical to that of the antianemia factor in purified liver extract. A small amount (approximately 1% of the total amount ingested) is absorbed by simple diffusion, but this mechanism is adequate only with very large doses. It is then transported by the transcobalamin binding proteins. Vitamin B12 is bound to intrinsic factor during transit through the stomach separation occurs in the terminal ileum in the presence of calcium, and vitamin B12 enters the mucosal cell for absorption. In people with normal absorption, deficiencies have been reported only in strict vegetarians who consume no products of animal origin (including no milk products or eggs). Vitamin B12 is not present in foods of plant origin, but is abundant in foods of animal origin. The average diet supplies about 5 to 15 mcg/day of vitamin B12 in a protein-bound form that is available for absorption after normal digestion. Prompt parenteral administration of vitamin B12 prevents progression of neurologic damage. Intrinsic factor deficiency causes pernicious anemia, which may be associated with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12 depends on the presence of sufficient intrinsic factor and calcium ions. Intravenous administration results in even more rapid excretion with little opportunity for liver storage. The major portion is excreted within the first eight hours. Within 48 hours after injection of 100 or 1000 mcg of vitamin B12, 50 to 98% of the injected dose may appear in the urine. The liver is the main organ for vitamin B12 storage. Absorbed vitamin B12 is transported via specific B12 binding proteins, transcobalamin I and II to the various tissues. Please use the tool below to link back to this page or cite/reference us in anything you use the information for.Vitamin B12 is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis.Ĭyanocobalamin is quantitatively and rapidly absorbed from intramuscular and subcutaneous sites of injection the plasma level of the compound reaches its peak within 1 hour after intramuscular injection. The best unit of measurement I have found for 10 mg is milligrams and the amount is 10 mg. Smaller numbers are more easily understood and can make it easier for you to understand the measurement. To determine which unit is best, I decided to define that as being the unit of measurement which is as low as possible, without going below 1. I've also calculated what the best unit of measurement is for 10 mg. Especially when dealing with really large numbers. Sometimes when you work with conversions from one unit to another, the numbers can get a little confusing. Milligrams to Micrograms Conversion Tableīelow is a sample conversion table for mg to mcg: Milligrams (mg) So, the answer to the question "what is 10 milligrams in micrograms?" is 10000 mcg.
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